Music Royalty Glossary

Short, plain‑English definitions for split sheets, PROs, and royalties.

Split Sheet

A written agreement that documents who owns what percentage of a song.

Composition

The underlying song, melody and lyrics, not the recording.

Master Recording

The specific recorded performance of a composition.

Writer Share

The portion of ownership paid directly to the songwriter(s).

Publisher Share

The portion of ownership paid to the publishing entity that administers the song.

50/50 Split

A simple model where half goes to writers and half goes to publishers.

Statutory Split

A fixed split set by a society, for example 33.3/33.3/33.3.

Unified Share

A model where 100% goes to the creator when there is no publisher.

100% Scale (ASCAP Style)

The total song equals 100%. Writer share is capped at 50% and publisher share at 50%.

200% Scale (BMI Style)

Writer and publisher each have a full 100% share. The total shows as 200%.

PRO

A performance rights organization that collects and pays performance royalties.

IPI/CAE Number

A unique 9 to 11 digit identifier assigned by your PRO to track your works.

ASCAP

A US PRO that operates on a 100 percent total share model.

BMI

A US PRO that uses a 200 percent total share model, 100 writer and 100 publisher.

SESAC

A US PRO that licenses performance rights for its members.

Publishing

The business side of a composition that controls licensing and royalty collection.

Mechanical Royalties

Royalties paid for reproductions of a composition, such as streams and downloads.

Performance Royalties

Royalties paid when a composition is publicly performed or broadcast.

Sync License

Permission to use a composition with visual media like film or ads.

Work for Hire

An agreement where the creator gives up ownership in exchange for a fee.

Topline

The vocal melody and lyrics created over a track.

Track

The instrumental production of a song, often created by the producer.

Sample

A portion of a previous recording used in a new work.

Interpolation

Recreating a melody or lyric from an existing composition without using the recording.

Metadata

The data fields used to identify a song and its owners.

Registration

Submitting song ownership data to a PRO so royalties can be paid.

ISWC

A unique code assigned to a composition after PRO registration.

ISRC

A unique code assigned to a specific sound recording.

Co-writer

Any collaborator who contributes to the composition and owns a share.

Self-Published

A writer who also controls their own publishing share.

Administrator

A company that manages publishing and collects royalties on your behalf.

Audit Trail

A record of who signed a document, when, and from where.

Digital Signature

An electronic signing method that is legally binding when properly recorded.

Session

A single split sheet workspace shared by collaborators.

PRO Similarities and Differences

Quick reference for how major PROs structure split scales around the world.

SocietyCountryTotal ScaleStructure (W/P)Same as ASCAP?Key Note
ASCAPUSA100%50% / 50%YesTotal must equal 100%.
BMIUSA200%100% / 100%NoTotal must equal 200%.
APRAAustralia100%50% / 50%YesSimple 50/50 logic for most.
GEMAGermany100%60% / 40% (avg)NoRigid distribution rules, varies by genre.
PRSUK100%50% / 50%YesWriter share is legally unassignable.
SACEMFrance100%33.3% / 33.3% / 33.3%NoUses a statutory split (author, composer, publisher).
SESACUSA100%50% / 50%YesInvitation-only society.
SOCANCanada100%50% / 50%YesCan pay 100% to writers with no publisher.

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